israaf ka tasawur aam to kahan, khawas balkeh baray baray ulama ke dilon se bhi mit chuka hai. sab se pehle main israaf se mutaliq quran kareem ki do aayaton ko tarjuma aur tafseer ke sath naqal karta hoon aur phir israaf ki tafseelat ek jamia kitab "Altariqat al-Muhammadiyah" se pesh karta hoon. Chunanche Surah Al-Araf mein hai: Tarjuma: "Aye Adam ki aulad! Har namaz ke waqt apni zeenat aur araish le lo, aur khao aur piyo, magar israaf na karo, kyunke Allah ta'ala israaf karne walon ko pasand nahi karta." Allama Shabbir Ahmad Usmani Noorullah Marqadah "Tafseer Usmani" mein is aayat ki tashreeh mein likhte hain: Yeh aayatain un logon ke rad mein nazil hui hain jo Ka'bah ka tawaf burhanah hokar karte the aur ise badi qurbat aur parhezgari samajhte the aur baaz ahl-e-jahiliyat ayyam-e-Hajj mein sidd ramaq se zyada khana aur ghee ya chickenain waghera ka istemal chhod dete the, baazoon ne bakri ke doodh aur gosht se parhez kar rakha tha, un sab ko batla diya ke yeh koi neki aur taqwa ki baatein nahi, Khuda ki di hui poshak jis se tumhare jism ka taster aur araish hai, us ki ibadat ke waqt doosre auqat se barh kar qabil istemal hai, taake bandah apne parwardigar ke darbar mein us ki nematon ka asar le kar hazir ho, Khudane jo kuch pehnne aur khane peene ko diya hai, us se tamtam karo, bas shart yeh hai ke israaf na hone paye. "Israaf" ke ma'ani hain "Hadd se tajawuz karna" jis ki kai surtein hain, maslan: halal ko haram kar le ya halal se guzar kar haram se bhi muzmati hone lage ya anap shanap be tameezi aur hirs se khane par gir pade ya beghair zarurat khane lage ya be waqt khaye ya is qadar kam khaye jo sehat jismani aur quwwat amal ke baqi rakhanay ke liye kafi na ho ya muzar sehat cheezein istemal karein, waghera lafz "israaf" un sab umoor ko shamil hai, beja kharch karna bhi is ka ek fard hai, ishi taameem ke lehaz se baaz salaf ne farmaya: "Jama'a Allahat-tib kullah fi ayyah" Khuda ne sari tib adhi aayat mein ukhti kardi." (Tafseer Usmani page: 502) Yaad rahe ke "israaf" aur "tabzeer" do alag alag alfaz hain, lekin donon ka mafoom ek hi hai, yani beja aur fazool kharch karna. Chunanche Surah Bani Israil mein Allah ta'ala ne mubzireen ko shaitan ke bhai qarar diya hai. Irshad-e-Aali hai: "Aur qarabat wale ko aur maskeen aur musafir ko us ka haq do aur maal ko fazool mat urao, be shak maal ko fazool urane walay shaitano ke bhai hain aur shaitan apne rab ka nashukri hai." Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani likhte hain: Yani qarabat walon ke mali wa akhlaqi har qisam ke haqooq ada karo, muhtaaj aur musafir ki khabar giri rakhho aur Khuda ka diya hua maal fazool be mauqa mat urao, fazool kharchi yeh hai ke (maal) ma'asi aur laghviyat mein kharch kiya jaye ya mubahat mein be soch samajh ke itna kharch kardo jo aage chal kar tafweez haqooq aur irtikaab haram ka sabab banay. Yani maal Khuda ki badi nemat hai jis se bohot si Islami khidmat aur nekiyan kamane ka mauqa mile, is ko beja urana nashukri hai. Jo shaitan ki tehreek se waqoo mein aati hai aur insani nashukri karke shaitan ke mushabeh hoja ta hai, jis tarah shaitan ne Khuda ki bakshi hui quwatoun ko asiyana aurIzdalal mein kharch kiya is (shakhs) ne bhi Haq Ta'ala ki di hui naimat ko nafrmani mein uda diya. (Tafsir Usmani, Page: 773, 873) Israaf ki aqsam 1) Israaf ki pehli qisam ye hai ke ek shakhs apne maal ko danista tor par samundar mein ya kisi kunway mein ya aag mein daal kar tabah kar deta hai, jis se faida uthana mumkin nahi rehta hai ya apne maal ko phaar kar tukde tukde kar deta hai ya tor kar rakh deta hai, jis se faida uthana mumkin nahi rehta hai ya apne baagh ka phal pakne ke baad darakhton se nahi utarta ya kheti ki tayyar fasl nahi sambhalta, yahan tak ke phal sur kar kharab ho jata hai aur fasl tabah ho jati hai ya agar uska maal janwaron aur ghulamon ki soorat mein hai to usko ghar mein nahi rakhta hai, janwaron ko chara nahi khilata hai aur sakht sardi mein ghulamon ko kapray nahi pehnata hai, yahan tak ke janwar bhook se aur ghulam sardi se mar jate hain. Ye sab israaf ke zimmedar hota hai. Is bayan se maloom hua ke jo log notaon ke sath haath saaf karte hain ya usko phaar dete hain ya kisi tarah jala dalte hain, unka ye amal israaf mein daakhil hai aur Allah Ta'ala israaf karne walon ko pasand nahi karta hai. 2) Israaf ki surton mein se ek surat ye bhi hai ke: Koi shakhs maal to jama kar leta hai, lekin uski hifazat nahi karta, maslan: Woh maal agar ghalla ki shakal mein hai to hifazat nahi karne ki bina par us mein tafoon peda ho jata hai ya rutubat pohanchne ki wajah se ghalla kharab ho jata hai ya us mein gand aur keeray peda ho jatay hain ya choohe aakar usko kharab kar dete hain ya chiyontiyan usko ura deti hain ya khana sur jata hai. Ye kharabiyan ghale ke sath sath khanay ki ashiya mein bhi peda hoti hain, maslan: Roti ya gosht ya shorbe ya paneer ya aata wagaira. Isi tarah ye kharabiyan tor phalon aur sabziyon mein peda hoti hain aur kabhi khushk mewa jat mein bhi ghaflat aur israaf se ye kharabiyan ajati hain. Kabhi kapron mein israaf hota hai ke ek ya do ke bajaye kai kai fuzool jode rakhe rehte hain ya dasiyon lehaf bistaray aur kambal fuzool riakari ke liye pare rehte hain ya tarah tarah ke gharelu bartan jama kiye jate hain aur badi badi almariyon mein sajae jate hain ya numayesh ki ghaz se ulama ke han zarurat se zyada kitabein khareedi jati hain aur usme israaf ki had tak tajawuz kiya jata hai. Israaf ki ek surat ye bhi hai ke zarurat se zyada khana pakaya jata hai aur phir usko zaya karke giraya jata hai ya bhosay tukron ki soorat mein farokht kiya jata hai ya dastarkhwan par das das qisam ke khanay rakhe jate hain aur phir bartan aur dastarkhwan aluda chhod kar chale jate hain aur pas khurda khana kachra dan mein phenka jata hai, ye badtareen israaf hai, jiska jawab qayamat mein dena hoga. Israaf ki ek surat ye bhi hai ke shakhs khana khane ke baad bartan aur unglian chatne se pehle pani se dholeta hai aur bartan aur ungliyon se laga hua khana zaya ho jata hai. Niz dastarkhwan par roti ke gire hue tukray uthaye baghair phenkna bhi israaf ke zimre mein aata hai, jab ke sunnat amal bartan aur ungliyon ka chatna aur gire hue tukray saaf karke khana hai. Agar gire hue tukray uthakar murghiyon aur bakriyon ya parindon aur billiyon ko khila diye jayein to ye israaf nahi hoga. Israaf ki ek shakal ye bhi hai ke shakhs apne jootay aur pagri ya libas ki hifazat nahi kare. Pagri ka shumla agar kamar se neeche tak lamba ho to ye bhi israaf hai. Qameez ki aasteen agar ungliyon tak pohanch jaye to ye bhi israaf hai, niz pajama ya pantalon ya kurta agar takhno se neeche tak jaye to ye israaf bhi hai aur hadees ki mamnoaat ki wajah seYe haram bhi hai. Ghusl mein sabun ko aur isi tarah chiraagh ko zaroorat se zyada istemal karna bhi israaf hai. Is se maloom hua ke zayeb o zeenat ki digar ashiya mein bhi agar hud se tajawuz kiya to ye bhi israaf hai. Gharo mein ya masajid mein zaroorat se zyada bijli istemal karna bhi israaf hai aur Allah ta'ala jal jalaluhu israaf karne walon ko pasand nahi karta. Israaf ki ek shakal ye bhi hai ke ek shakhs kisi majboori ke baghair mehaz laparwahi ki bina par ek umda aur aala qeemat cheez ko bohat kam qeemat aur nuqsaan ke saath farokht karta hai ya aala umda makaan ko bohat kam kiraya par chadhaata hai, na is mein sadqah ki niyyat hai, na kisi musalman ki hamdardi ki niyyat hai. Niz ye bhi israaf ki shakal hai ke ek shakhs laparwahi ke saath bekaar maal ko bohat zyada qeemat par khareed leta hai ya bekaar makaan ko bohat zyada kiraya par leta hai. Israaf ki ek shakal ye bhi hai ke mard ke kafan ka kapra bohat aala istemal kiya jaaye ya kafan ko murde ke qadse zyada istemal kiya jaaye. Isi tarah wuzu banane mein paani ko zyada istemal kiya jaaye, ye sab israaf mein daakhil hai. Mishkat Shareef mein Hazrat Abdullah bin Amr bin Aas ki ek riwayat hai ke ek martaba Nabi Akram ka guzar Hazrat Saad ke qareeb se hua, woh wuzu kar rahe the, Aap ne farmaya: Saad! Ye kya israaf kar rahe ho? Hazrat Saad ne farmaya: Ya Rasool Allah! Wuzu mein bhi israaf hota hai? Nabi Akram ne farmaya: Haan! Wuzu mein bhi israaf hai, agar ke tum ek jaari nehar se wuzu bana rahe ho. (Mishkat, pg. 74) Israaf ki ek shakal ye bhi hai ke shakhs seer hone ke baad bhi khana khaata rahe, haan! Agar mehmaan ki ghaz se khaye to israaf nahi ya Ramazan mein sahri ke waqt khaye to haraj nahi. Ibn Abi Dunya aur Behaqi mein Hazrat Anas se ek riwayat hai ke Nabi Akram ne farmaya ke: Ye bhi israaf mein aata hai ke tum (bila rok tok) har us cheez ko khaao jis ki tumhein tamanna aur chahat ho jaye. Israaf mein se ye bhi hai ke shakhs dastarkhwan par kayi qisam ke khano ko jama kare, haan agar ek qisam ke khane se ukta jaye ya mehmaanon ki wajah se mukhtalif qisam ke khane tayyar kiye jayein (basharti ke khane ke zaya hone ka khatra na ho) to gunjaish hai. Chunaancha Bukhari mein Hazrat Ibn Abbas se riwayat hai ke jo chaho khaao aur jo chaho peeyo, magar do cheezon ka khayal rakhho, ek israaf ka, doosra takabbur ka. Israaf mein se ye bhi hai ke roti ko darmiyan se khaaya jaye aur us ke kenaron ko raddi tukron mein pheink kar zaya kiya jaye. Israaf mein se ye bhi hai ke dastarkhwan par zaroorat se zyada khana rakha jaye, taham is mein bhi ye shart hai ke khana zaya ho jaye ya shohrat aur dikhawa maqsad ho, to israaf hoga, warna israaf nahi hoga. Beharhal agar koi shakhs nafees khana khaata hai ya nafees wilaayat libaas istemal karta hai ya umda makaan tameer karta hai aur ye cheezein shareei hudood ke andar hain aur halal maal se hain to ye israaf mein nahi aata, albatta karaahat se khali nahi hoga, kyunke ek musalman ki poori himmat aur nazar aakhirat par markooz rehni chahiye. Israaf mein ye bhi aata hai ke koi shakhs apna maal gunah ke kaamon mein istemal kare, is mein ek gunah israaf ka milega aur doosra gunah us ka milega ke usne maasiyat ka irtikaab kiya. Hazrat Mujahid se riwayat hai ke agar koi shakhs Jabal Abu Qubais ke barabar sona Allah ta'ala ki khushnoodi mein kharch kare to us mein israaf nahi.Yeh hai, lekin agar ek darham bhi Allah Ta'ala ki nafrmani mein kharch kare to yeh israaf mein shumar hoga. Aise sadqa karne mein bhi israaf hai keh aadmi khud muflis hokar dosron ka mohtaj ban jaaye ya us ke zimme par bhari qarza ada karna hai aur woh apna maal sadqa kar raha hai, balkay maqrooz aadmi ke liye yeh bhi munasib nahi hai ke woh roti ke saath bator salan zaitoon ya sirka istemaal kare, isko chahiye ke pehle qarz ada kare. Mere khayal mein israaf ki sab se badi zimmedari gharo ki khawateen par aati hai, kyunke gharailu kharcha un ke haath mein hota hai, agar khawateen kifayat shuari ki aadat daalain to musalmano ke muashray ka naqsha badal sakta hai. Israaf ka ilaaj Israaf ka ilaaj teen tareeqon se hosakta hai. Pehla tareeqa "Ilmi" hai. Woh is tarah ke aadmi israaf ke bure anjaam ko samajhne ki koshish kare, yaani woh yeh ilm hasil kare ke duniya aur aakhirat mein israaf ke aqwak kitne khatarnak hosakte hain. Israaf ke ilaaj ka doosra tareeqa "Amli" hai, woh is tarah ke aadmi takalluf karke apne aap ko qabu mein rakhe aur be jaa kharch na kare, balkay apne upar ek nigran mukarrar kare jo usko israaf ke khatrat se darta rahe. Israaf ke ilaaj ka teesra tareeqa "Qalai" hai, is ka matlab yeh hai ke aadmi israaf ki jadon ko pehle maloom kare aur phir apni zindagi se israaf ki un jadon ko kaat kar rakhe, yaani israaf ke tamam asbaab ka azala kare. Israaf ke duniyawi aur akhrovi bure asraat se bachne ke liye awaam aur khawas, ulama aur saleha sab par lazim hai ke woh kasrat se istighfar kiya karein, balkay istighfar ko apne upar lazim karein. Ummeed hai Allah Ta'ala maaf farmaaye ga. Ek sahib-e-ilm ne likha 'Aye deen daar hazraat! Tumhare mehalat to Shahe Room Qaiser ki tarah hain aur tumhare makaanat Shah-e-Fars Kisra ki tarah hain, tumhare libaas Taaloot ki tarah hain aur jootay Jaloot ki tarah hain, tumhare bartan Firaun ki tarah aur sawariyan Qaroon ki tarah hain, tumhare dastarkhwan doar-e-jahalat ki tarah hain, to tum mein Muhammadiat kahan se aayegi?